nutrition
needy hedgehog
by Monika Neumeier
1. General ………………………………………… ……………………….. 2
2 Natural Food ……………………………………….. …………….. 2
3 nutrition needy hedgehogs ……………………………………… 3
4 problems with the diet ……………………………………… ….. 7
5 Unsuitable foods ……………………………………….. .8th
1. General
The composition of the food given to a needy, impoverished hedgehog must be based on the diet of a hedgehog in nature.
Hedgehogs belong to the family of insect eaters (Insectivora). This can be seen in the hedgehog bit, in the composition of the gastric juice and in the type of digestive system: in cats (carnivores) the ratio of body length to intestinal length is 1: 3, in the hedgehog 1: 4, in the pig ( Omnivore) 1:14 and in cattle (P zander) 1:20.
2 Natural food
Thanks to scientific studies of the gastrointestinal tracts of overrun hedgehogs and hedgehog feces, one knows quite well about the natural diet
.
2.1 What do hedgehogs eat in nature?
The main food is ground beetles, which we barely register, because they – like most of the food animals of the hedgehog – are nocturnal. Butterfly larvae, colloquially “caterpillars”, are also among the important prey animals.
Especially in spring and late autumn, earthworms are at the top of the menu.
Earwigs are delicacies, but hedgehogs – much to the chagrin of gardeners – do not particularly like snails for their slime.
Table 1: Importance of some food animals for the hedgehog (after Wroot, 1984)
food Animals
Importance for the diet
Share of the feed gross energy
Beetle
very important
27.9-56.3%
butterfly larvae
very important
17.7-43.1%
worms
very important
12.3-33.9%
earwigs
important
1.5-10.5%
beetle larvae
important
0,4-10,5%
snails
less important
1.3-5.6%
Mosquitoes and flies
less important
2,9-7,0%
Hundred and millipedes
less important
0.3-2.2%
woodlice
insignificant
0.1-1.1%
Eggs of ground-breeding birds play virtually no role in most scientific studies of hedgehog diets.
However, it is known that hedgehogs appear in some seabird colonies as quite serious egg predators.
Mice are way too fast for the rather sedate hedgehog. The fact that vertebrate remains were found in the hedgehog feces rather indicates that the sting knights were eating carrion, that is, the remains of other prey claws.
2.2 Ingredients of the food
The hedgehog’s insect food is protein-rich and fatty: 100 g of an average mixture of insects and molluscs, such as those found in a hedgehog, contain about 16% protein, 4% fat, 2% carbohydrates and almost 3% undigested. Liche components, ie Ballaststo e.
2.3 The fairy tale of the fruit
In most of the gastrointestinal tracts of run over hedgehogs or in the faeces samples, p material was seen. Partly it was finely chewed and came from the digestive tract of caterpillars or earthworms. But uncooked and undigested plant material, especially grass, was found in the samples. The researchers assume it was accidentally eaten with other food.
Contrary to popular opinion, fruit does not belong to the food spectrum of hedgehogs. If you see a hedgehog on an apple, it only picks up insects and worms there. Like many mammals, hedgehogs also appreciate sweets. That’s why they sometimes snack on overripe fruit.
3 Nutrition Hedgehog in need of help
The diet of hedgehogs in nature is inevitably diverse. This principle of variety should also be in the diet of a needy
Do not disregard hedgehogs in human custody. Often only the same cat food is given out of the can during the entire mealtime.
In addition to the medical treatment of peeling, its nutrition is the most important contribution to health. Especially there you should not be too economical or comfortable.
A feed mix of basic and supplementary feed is much more calorific rich than the sole feeding with cat can feed. Moreover, the hedgehog’s digestive system is not so heavily loaded because the portions can be smaller. 100 g cat food is equivalent to 75-80 kcal, 100 g cattle but about 225 kcal. 50 g of cat food + 50 g of beef (cooked) have approx. 150 kcal. So the mixture contains – with the same amount of food – twice as many calories!
Nutrition needy hedgehog 3 Good food is made up of basic feed and supplementary feed.
The mixing ratio should be 50:50, i. one half canned food, one half supplementary food
(e.g., meat, egg, fish).
3.1 basic food
High quality cat wet food with a meat content of at least 60% is recommended as a “basic food”. Wet cat food contains 7.5 to 10% less protein than natural hedgehog food and is therefore relatively low in calories; but it is useful as a basic food because of its high vitamin and mineral content. The crude protein content should be at least 10%, the crude fat content at least 5% and the moisture content at a maximum of 78%.
In addition, the canned food should, if possible, not be mixed with: animal or vegetable protein con- centrations, sugar, molasses, cereals, vegetable by-products, preservatives, colorants and gelatine. So that the hedgehog does not commit itself to one flavor, you not only feed different types of a brand, but also the products of several manufacturers. The “basic food” is valued with “supplementary feed”, ie with different kinds of meat, with egg or fish.
Table 2: Nutrient information (after M. Neumeier / C. Schiller)
Nutrient e1
Rp2%
Rf2%
KH2%
H2O2%
kcal
Natural food (mean)
15.7
4.1
1.9
73
108
Cat wet food (average, usual standard quality)
7.5
3.5
8th
81
75
Cat wet food (mean, good quality)
10
5
</ = 4
78
80
1 The di erence of 100% of the sum of the nutrient information results from the averages of the nutrient contents and the raw fiber and crude ash content not specified here.
2 Rp = crude protein; Rf = crude fat; KH = carbohydrates; H2O = water
3.2. Supplementary food
Basically, meat, fish and eggs are only fed through to kill pathogenic germs, especially Salmonella. The most common supplement is chopped beef or pork. It is fried or cooked in very little water. There is often confusion about whether piglets can be given to hedgehogs. In the feeding of carnivores, it is generally not used because of possible allergic reactions. Thoroughly cooked pigs, in which not only bacteria but also pathogens of viral diseases – e.g. Aujetzky – be killed, but is compatible with hedgehogs. Cooked chicken
or turkeys you cut small; You can also turn larger portions through the meat grinder.
Eggs are particularly popular as scrambled eggs with hedgehogs: the fried egg is roasted in the pan – of course without spices, but with a little fat – until it is fixed. Of course you can also feed hard-boiled eggs, but some hedgehogs sort egg whites, which is not possible with scrambled eggs. Depending on the local or current supply options, other foods may supplement the basic feed: e.g. Mutton or venison, innards such as liver and heart, salt and freshwater, marine animals and single-headed chicks.
Table 3: Recipes for feed mixtures (after M. Neumeier / C. Schiller)
Attention: All recipe ingredients (except cat food) must be cooked, ie cooked / fried!
Recipes (100 g feed mix1)
Rp2%
Rf2%
KH2%
H2O2%
kcal
50 g cat food + 10 g chicken liver + 40 g chicken egg with skin
18.4
7.5
1.6
69.0
140
50 g cat food + 50 g chicken hearts
14.1
5.2
1.4
75.6
102
50 g cat food + 50 g day old chick
12.5
5.0
1.1
70.0
92
50 g cat food + 50 g chicken wing
18.4
8.5
1.0
68.5
185
30 g cat food + 70 g scrambled eggs
14.2
11.4
1.2
70.7
154
50g cat food + 20g beef liver + 30g beef egg (medium fat)
17.3
7.3
2.3
70.9
137
50 g cat food + 25 g beef heart + 25 g beef (medium fat)
16.7
5.0
1.2
73.6
111
50 g cat food + 50 g mutton eisch (fat)
16.2
14.8
1.0
64.6
194
50 g cat food + 25 g scrambled eggs + 25 g ground beef
15.9
9.08
1.4
70.1
142
50 g cat food + 50 g hake
15.0
3.3
1.0
76.3
94
50 g cat food + 50 g paci klachs
15.5
3.2
1.0
76.7
89
50 g cat food + 50 g ink sch
14.2
3.1
2.2
76.7
88
50g cat food + 50g shrimp (shrimp)
14.4
3.3
1.4
77.2
87
50 g of cat food + 25 g of dried silkworms soaked in 25 g of water
18.0
9.5
1.9
65.8
165
1 The di erence of 100% of the sum of the nutrient information results from the averages of the nutrient contents and the raw fiber and crude ash content not specified here.
2 Rp = crude protein; Rf = crude fat; KH = carbohydrates; H2O = water
Supplementary food, because of the unfavorable calcium-phosphorus ratio, requires supplementation with calcium, such as calcium. Feed lime (without vitamin supplements) or eggshell powder (dry raw egg shells, pulverize, sterilize in the oven at 120 ° C for 30 min.). For each 100 g of supplemental feed add 0.5 g (1/2 pinch of full) calcium powder. Further additions of minerals or vitamins are unnecessary with a varied diet.
For critically ill hedgehogs and feed refusers, feeding with relatively expensive reptile feed, which largely corresponds to the hedgehog’s natural diet, is often life-saving. Suitable insects (grasshoppers, crickets, crickets) and insect larvae (Buf- falowürmer, mealworms, Zophobas, wax caterpillars, drone brood).
3.3 When the feces stinks
Exclusive feeding with cat wet food almost always causes soft, smelly feces. It is possible to dampen the unpleasant effects of such a one-sided feeding with the addition of ballast substances: both crude vegetable fiber (for example wheat bran, oats) and animal substances (cartilage, connective tissue, chitin) are suitable for this purpose. Even with disorders of the intestinal motor system (caused, for example, by inflammatory bowel syndrome, feed intolerances), an increased proportion of ballast substances may be helpful. However, in the long run a varied diet mixed with freshly prepared foods will be much healthier for the hedgehog.
3.4 Heated meat feed
The feeding of commercial hedgehog dry food is not recommended, and certainly not as – as it is on some packs – alone, main or rearing feed. Especially emaciated and growing hedgehogs have a particularly high protein requirement. In addition, natural food contains only small amounts of carbohydrates, but
constitute the largest component of feed. In addition, the dry food is usually eaten selectively, i. not all ingredients are consumed evenly. In addition, dry food – as the name suggests – is dry. The hedgehog must therefore consume a sufficient amount of water so that the mixture in the intestine is right. In a wild animal that is not accustomed to such dry food and whose water intake can not be actively influenced, one must ask oneself whether and how such food is tolerated at all.
As a “notration” during winter sleep, i. As an indicator of whether a hedgehog has hibernated and is interested in food, you can put Hedgehog dry food, but should provide a waking hedgehog again with normal wet food.
Table 4: Nutrient composition
in% dry matter (according to Struck / Meyer 1998)
Insect larvae may be fed only in small amounts because of the high fat content and the consumption of B vitamins.
Hedgehog dry food
Recommendation for hedgehog food
Raw protein
18-27%
30-50%
Raw fat
9-25%
21-34%
Carbohydrates
44-64%
up to 58%
3.5 Feed amount and weight gain
Jungels can grow up to 20g per day in the first few days after ingestion. Such high increases in weight can be explained by the filling of a previously empty intestine, but also by the “filling” of an exsiccotic (dried) animal by increased water absorption. In the further course of the progestin, an increase of 10-15 g per day should be aimed for.
Expected, emaciated, adult hedgehogs should gain about 10 g per day, well nourished adult hedgehogs should
be kept only on their weight. In any case, an obesity should be avoided. Young hedgehogs should never weigh more than 750g during the breeding season, the average weight of adult hedgehogs is around 1000g.
At the beginning of the day, undernourished or severely emaciated animals are given very small portions so as not to burden their circulation too much.
Table 5, in conjunction with Table 3, shows the amount of calories needed to achieve the desired weight gain.
Table 5: Energy demand of growing hedgehogs according to Struck / Meyer (1998)
Nutrition needy hedgehogs 7
Body weight of the hedgehog
Increase in body weight per day
Daily energy requirement
up to 100 g
5g
32 – 42 kcal
100-200 g
5 – 10 g
42 – 84 kcal
200 – 500 g
10 g
84 – 120 kcal
500 – 1000 g
10 g
120 – 180 kcal
Beware of malnourished hedgehogs! If you are allowed to eat as much as you like in the first hours after taking the picture, you may experience a Kreislau ollaps!
3.7 Tooth size
Once or twice a week, you can use the normal wet food to make boiled, skinned chicken with bones, boiled bovine soup bones or peeling ribs for nibbling. This is good for the teeth and helps against boredom, as well as the dried chicken necks available in the zoo trade.
4 problems with the diet
The most common cause of food refusal is an infestation with internal parasites. Then bring the best food too
the hedgehog not to eat; First, the internal parasites have to be removed by medication. Other infections can cause anorexia.
Not infrequently problems in the oral cavity prevent a hedgehog from eating. He may have loose teeth, massive calculus attachment, a foreign body in the palate, even a jaw fracture or pathological changes in the esophagus. It goes without saying that in all cases an immediate visit to the vet is indicated.
If a spiky patient is so sick or weak that he can not eat himself, he must be forcibly fed
Otherwise it may dry out or lose too much weight. Dietary supplements include protein-rich diet foods for cats and dogs, such as “Hill’s Prescription Diet Canine / Feline a / d” or Royal Canin “Convalence Support Instant Diet Canine / Feline”. They are available from the vet.
Transiently, one can also feed a lactose-poor, ready-to-use cat milk. Portions of 10 to 30 ml are administered four to five times a day, depending on the weight of the animal. In addition, normal hedgehogs are offered to the hedgehog so that they begin to feed themselves as soon as possible (see the book “Hedgehogs in Surgery”).
5 Unsuitable foods
Hedgehogs do not feed on fruit, s. Cape. 2.3. At most, they eat it out of boredom, in times of hunger, or when a pear is overripe and sweet. One or two slices of banana as a dessert
no hedgehog. But not everything that man eats is also beneficial to animals. Avocados, which are very popular as an addition to the hedgehog food, contain the poison perine. Persin has no negative effects on humans, but it is toxic in large numbers in some animals. In the absence of appropriate studies, it is not known where the dangerous dose of hedgehogs is. But do hedgehogs really need avocados? The answer is NO!
Also not suitable for feeding hedgehogs are milk and milk products (yoghurt, quark, cottage cheese) because of their lactose content. Although hard cheese hardly contains any more lactose, it is salty and therefore taboo.
Salty and sweet foods are generally not recommended. Therefore, steer clear of smoked or fried meat, honey, raisins and biscuits!
Walnuts or hazelnuts count on the pesticides that hedgehogs do not need. In nature there are almost never cracked nuts (not even peanuts!). Sunflower seeds are also not part of the food spectrum of hedgehogs.
Since many hedgehogs who are taken care of have problems with the stomach and intestine, it is all the more unreasonable to administer dubious supplements to them. determine whether the green feces is a sign of an intestinal inflammation or just the result of a Quarkgabe.
